Privilegovaný mód

Módy CPU

Privilegovaný mód

Memory management unit

Paging

Swapping pages

Processes

Memory maps

Page Tables

Kernel protection

Booting

Starting the OS

Boot process

User mode Initialisation

After Log-In

CPU init

Bootloader

Modern booting on x86

Booting ARM

Kernel architecture

Architecture types

Microkernel

Monolithic kernels

Microkernel Redux

Hybrid kernels

Micro vs Mono

Exokernels

Type 1 Hypervisors

Unikernels

Exo vs Uni

System calls

Trapping into the kernel

Trap example: X86

Software interrupts

SW interrupts on PCs

Trap example: amd64/x86_64

Which system call?

Reminder: System call numbers

System call sequence

System call handler

System call arguments

Kernel services

What does a kernel do?

Additional services

Kernel services

User-space drivers in monolithic systems